food-security movement uses gardens as one strategy to regenerate the local food system and provide access to healthy, affordable food. Three garden case studies expand on the complexities of "food citizenship, "illustrating the importance of that concept to notions of food security. The gardens reveal the role gardeners play in transforming urban spaces, the complex network of organizations working cooperatively and in partnership to implement these projects, and the way in which social and cultural pluralism are shaping the urban landscape. Keywords: community gardens; food citizenship; Toronto; community food security Three community-garden sites in Toronto offer possibilities for understanding how individuals and groups in urban communities are actively producing space and culture through their constructions of place. This article begins with a discussion of the politics of place and the multiple meanings imbued in community gardens in Toronto. The discussion is then linked to the notion of "food citizenship "emerging from the literature on alternative food networks and movements. A